Which of the following conditions can lead to a strong temperature inversion?

A strong temperature inversion typically occurs during clear, calm nights. Under these conditions, the ground loses heat rapidly due to radiational cooling, causing the air near the surface to cool more quickly than the air above it. If there are no clouds to insulate the surface or wind to mix the air, the cooler air gets trapped beneath a layer of warmer air, resulting in a stable atmosphere characterized by a temperature inversion.

Cloud cover can impede the cooling process because clouds tend to retain heat, thus reducing the potential for a strong inversion to form. High wind speeds disrupt the layering of air and promote mixing, which prevents the establishment of a stable inversion layer. Warm, moist air alone does not create a temperature inversion; it can actually contribute to convection and instability in the atmosphere when it rises.